Are you not confusing bead locks with run flat inserts? Bead locks do what you suggest and allow tyres to be run at low pressures for increased footprint in soft terrain without coming off the rim, run flat inserts take up most of the space that would normally be filled with air to enable a tyre to carry the weight if punctured.
10 stud wheels can have several variations, the offset is different between vehicles and they can be either hub centric or stud centric.