That's the three types really.
SHORT
The standard WW2 flathead six US small Dodge truck engine was known as the 23.5" engine, as that is the length of the block / head joint. VC engines started as 201 cu in T202 code and went up to 217 and 230 cu in by taking out first the bore and then lengthening the stroke. 230 cu in was as far as it would go because there was no more metal to take off between the close cylinder pairs. M37 series stayed with 230 I think.
LONG
The Canadians mostly used the 236 cu in engine that had a lot of parts that would fit the US equivalent, but NOT anything related to the length of the engine ( block, head, cam, crank ) as it was 25" at the block / head joint. They sensibly stuck with that right into Canadian M37 production. Engineering codes included T222 and T110L, but I'm not sure about the configuration of the 1941 T212 series.
Well post-WW2 the US went to the 25" engine for small trucks, although 25" US engines had appeared in 1.5 ton trucks
BIG
Larger US trucks had bigger engines, of course, notably the 331 cu in that appeared in Rick's VK 62 B and the so-called BURMA Dodge series, you can see Rick's running here;
PLUS
There were dozens of other T-code engines, see Eric's list here;
http://www.t137.com/registry/help/otherengines/tengines.html
T-codes were Dodge truck, but there are similar lists for P-code Plymouth, D-code Dodge car, S for De-Soto, and IND-code Industrial engines.
Need any more?
Gordon